Events List for the Academic Year

Event Time: Thursday, February 20, 2020 | 11:00 am - 12:30 pm
Event Location:
Henn 318
Add to Calendar 2020-02-20T11:00:00 2020-02-20T12:30:00 The versatility of quantum dots---from single electrons to Andreev bound states Event Information: She will present research on quantum transport in various two-dimensional semiconductor and superconductor-semiconductor hybrid systems. As a common theme, she will focus on results on quantum dots. Firstly, formed in the well-established GaAs-based two-dimensional electron gas, they enable the study of physics at the level of single, isolated electrons. She will showcase a general method to measure degeneracies and entropy from tunneling rates and argue how these results are relevant for state-of-the art research. From there, she will move on to valence band states in Ge/SiGe heterostructures, a material system that has attracted increasing attention in the past three years. She will discuss how the inherent spin-orbit interaction affects the quantum dot states and present results on Ge proximitized with superconducting Al. This will lead over to the third topic, which tackles Andreev bound states in proximitized InAs nanowires. The clean system clearly reveals so-far unrecognized signatures at the singlet-doublet quantum phase transition of Andreev bound states. Event Location: Henn 318
Event Time: Tuesday, February 18, 2020 | 11:00 am - 12:30 pm
Event Location:
Hennings 318
Add to Calendar 2020-02-18T11:00:00 2020-02-18T12:30:00 Many Body Effects of Chiral Edge Fermions Event Information: 1+1D Chiral Fermions can arise on the edges of 2+1D chiral topological phases, which lead to quantized Hall and thermal Hall effects. Interacting chiral fermions at low energies are usually believed to form an integrable chiral Luttinger liquid. We study the integrability of N identical chiral Majorana fermion modes with generic 4-fermion interactions. We find the system is integrable when N<=6, but becomes quantum chaotic when N>=7. In the large N limit, the system forms a chiral SYK model, which can be solved analytically. The maximal chaos bound is approached at the maximal interaction strength, while the zero-temperature entropy density is zero. Further, we verify the transition from integrability to chaos at N=7 by level statistics numerical calculations. This study reveals a generic new class of scaling invariant physical systems. Event Location: Hennings 318
Event Time: Thursday, February 13, 2020 | 4:00 pm - 5:00 pm
Event Location:
Hennings 201
Add to Calendar 2020-02-13T16:00:00 2020-02-13T17:00:00 Welcome to Team Hero: Building Better Science Communication With Insights From Disney, Marketing, And Psychological Research Event Location: Hennings 201
Event Time: Thursday, February 13, 2020 | 2:00 pm - 3:00 pm
Event Location:
Brimacombe 311
Add to Calendar 2020-02-13T14:00:00 2020-02-13T15:00:00 CM Seminar : Josephson Detection of Multiband Effects in Superconductors Event Information: Title: Josephson Detection of Multiband Effects in Superconductors   Abstract: The study of unconventional superconducting materials remains an active frontier of condensed matter physics. Exotic superconductivity, such as high T_C, topological, and heavy-fermion superconductors, often rely on phase sensitive measurements to determine the underlying pairing and/or the nature of novel excitations. In this talk I will detail the use of Josephson effect to detect novel properties of two multiband superconductors: NbSe_2 [1] and SnTe [2]. Focus be given to the modification of conventional Josephson effects due to the loss of time reversal symmetry found to exist in proximity-induced Josephson junction of SnTe nanowires [2]. Here we observe an interesting interplay between multiband effects and a ferroelectric transition. Each of these works open new routes to exploration of multiband effects in superconductors and have important implications for topological states in superconducting materials.    [1] S. Tran, J. Sell and J. R. Williams, “Dynamical Josephson Effects in NbSe2”, arXiv:1903.00453 (2019). [2] C. J. Trimble et al., “Josephson Detection of Time Reversal Symmetry Broken Superconductivity in SnTe Nanowires”, arXiv:1907.04199 (2019).    Biosketch: James Williams is currently the Alford Ward Assistant Professor of Physics in the Physics Department at the University of Maryland working in quantum material devices. He is also a Fellow at the Joint Quantum Institute and a member of the Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials at the university. He performed his Ph. D. at Harvard University, working on creating nanoscale devices from of graphene. Prior to coming to Maryland, he was the Karl van Bibber Postdoctoral Fellow in the Physics Department at Stanford University where he worked on quantum transport in topological insulators and superconductors and complex oxide materials. Event Location: Brimacombe 311
Event Time: Thursday, February 13, 2020 | 2:00 pm - 3:00 pm
Event Location:
TRIUMF Auditorium
Add to Calendar 2020-02-13T14:00:00 2020-02-13T15:00:00 Dark Matter: A Cosmological Perspective Event Information: While it is considered to be one of the most promising hints of new physics beyond the Standard Model, dark matter is as-yet known only through its gravitational influence on astronomical and cosmological observables. I will discuss our current best evidence for dark matter's existence as well as the constraints that astrophysical probes can place on its properties, while highlighting some tantalizing anomalies that could indicate non-gravitational dark matter interactions. Future observations, along with synergies between astrophysical and experimental searches, have the potential to illuminate dark matter's fundamental nature and its influence on the evolution of matter in the cosmos from the first stars and galaxies to today. Event Location: TRIUMF Auditorium
Event Time: Wednesday, February 12, 2020 | 11:00 am - 12:00 pm
Event Location:
Hennings 318
Add to Calendar 2020-02-12T11:00:00 2020-02-12T12:00:00 TESTING QUANTUM GRAVITY in the LAB Event Information: There is now a set of theories which argue that Quantum Mechanics will break down at the Planck scale (ie., for solid bodies of spatial extension ~ 0.5mm), because of gravity. Remarkably, present predictions are that quantum superpositions and interference at this scale will be possible in the next 3-4 yrs. Some of the experimental designs involve LIGO-type technology, but with mirrors of Planck mass. I will survey the theory at an introductory level, and then discuss some of the experimental challenges. Event Location: Hennings 318
Event Time: Tuesday, February 11, 2020 | 12:30 pm - 1:30 pm
Event Location:
HEBB 114
Add to Calendar 2020-02-11T12:30:00 2020-02-11T13:30:00 Wellness Workshop - Help, I’m stressed! How to get grounded Event Information: Tuesday Feb 11th 12:30-13:30 @ Hebb 114 Pizza & refreshments provided! Join us to... Learn techniques to manage stress during the academic year. Find out about services and resources specific to graduate students. Feel calmer. Get grounded. Event funding is provided by UBC Department of Physics & Astronomy, and UBC Graduate Student Society. Event Location: HEBB 114
Event Time: Monday, February 10, 2020 | 3:00 pm - 4:00 pm
Event Location:
Hennings 318
Add to Calendar 2020-02-10T15:00:00 2020-02-10T16:00:00 Illuminating the Dark Universe with Radio Observations Event Information: Redshifted 21-cm emission from neutral hydrogen is a powerful tool for  observational cosmology research. Measurements across a wide range of radio frequencies allow us to access redshifts that encompass a vast  comoving volume, spanning both cosmic dawn and the formation of  large-scale structure.  I will describe the HIRAX, PRIZM, and ALBATROS experiments, which aim to shed new light on the universe's evolution via redshifted 21-cm measurements.  HIRAX is an experiment that will measure baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs) through 21-cm intensity mapping over a frequency range of 400-800 MHz.  By using the characteristic 150-Mpc BAO scale as a "ruler," HIRAX will chart the expansion history of the universe during the period when dark energy began to dominate.  The HIRAX radio telescope array will be sited in South Africa and will ultimately comprise 1024 dishes, each six meters in diameter.  An eight-element HIRAX prototype is currently in operation, and construction of the first science-grade elements will commence in 2020.  PRIZM is an experiment that is designed to study cosmic dawn by observing globally averaged 21-cm emission in a frequency range of 50-150 MHz.  The instrument consists of two modified four-square antennas and a dual-polarization spectrometer back end.  PRIZM deployed in April 2017 to Marion Island, an exceptionally isolated and radio-quiet location in the sub-Antarctic, and the science observations are ongoing.  ALBATROS is a new companion experiment to PRIZM that aims to image the radio sky at tens of MHz. The instrument will consist of autonomous low-frequency antenna stations that observe independently but can be interferometrically combined offline.  I will discuss the design, project status, and science prospects for HIRAX, PRIZM, and ALBATROS. Event Location: Hennings 318
Event Time: Thursday, February 6, 2020 | 4:00 pm - 5:00 pm
Event Location:
Hennings 201
Add to Calendar 2020-02-06T16:00:00 2020-02-06T17:00:00 Gaming the Classroom: Strategies to Promote Active-Learning in the STEM Classroom Event Information: For more than two decades members of the Center for Astronomy Education (CAE) have been researching how we can best support students’ learning in a wide variety of STEM disciplines and courses.  From hierarchal sequencing of clicker questions, to student-generated representation tasks, to collaborative tutorial activities – we have been developing instructional strategies that can unpack difficult topics and deeply engage leaners in classes from 25 to 700 students.  From a gaming perspective, we have been investigating how to foster Enticement, Mystery, Action, Risk, Challenge, Uncertainty, and with any luck Mastery.  Our research shows how carefully implementing combinations of representations and intellectual tasks can effectively motivate and guide learners in developing their discipline fluency.  I’ll highlight different instructional strategies, solutions for issues of implementation in the classroom, and results that demonstrate how effective these instructional strategies can be for all types of learners. Event Location: Hennings 201
Event Time: Thursday, February 6, 2020 | 2:00 pm - 3:00 pm
Event Location:
TRIUMF Auditorium
Add to Calendar 2020-02-06T14:00:00 2020-02-06T15:00:00 The Life and Death of Galaxies Event Information: It is well established that galaxies are divided into those that are star-forming and those that have stopped forming stars long ago. The cessation of star formation in galaxies ("quenching") correlates strongly with both galaxy morphology and environment, but the physical reasons behind these relationships remain disputed. Drawing upon my own research, I will discuss issues of correlation and causation, and highlight evidence that points to multiple evolutionary pathways along which galaxies both grow and die. Event Location: TRIUMF Auditorium
Event Time: Thursday, February 6, 2020 | 2:00 pm - 3:00 pm
Event Location:
Brimacombe 311
Add to Calendar 2020-02-06T14:00:00 2020-02-06T15:00:00 CM Seminar : Nonlinear optics with collective excitations and photoinduced superconductivity Event Location: Brimacombe 311
Event Time: Thursday, February 6, 2020 | 10:00 am - 12:00 am
Event Location:
Room 191, IBLC (Irving K. Barber Learning Center)
Add to Calendar 2020-02-06T10:00:00 2020-02-06T00:00:00 "Antenna Array Design, Beam Calibration of the CHIME to Measure the Late-time Cosmic Acceleration and Mapping of the North Celestial Cap" Event Information: Departmental Doctoral Oral Examination Abstract: It's well proved from measurements that the universe expansion is accelerating although the long-distance gravitational force is attractive. To help understand this late-time cosmic acceleration, the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) is a 21cm intensity mapping experiment designed to measure the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) scale, therefore the universe expansion history in the redshift range [0.8, 2.5]. CHIME is a transit interferometer consisting of linear antenna arrays at the focal line of each of the four north-south aligned cylindrical reflectors. As the earth rotates, CHIME maps half of the sky every day. The dual-polarized cloverleaf antenna array has been designed to feed the CHIME cylindrical reflectors. The array matches the next stage LNA so that its effective noise is about 25 Kelvin across both the frequency domain and the scanning angle domain for both polarizations. To separate the cosmic 21cm signal from the 100,000 times brighter galaxy foreground, the CHIME beam needs to be calibrated to ~ 0.1%. Both measurement programs and simulation techniques are developed for this goal. With limitations found on both, the crosstalk approach to combine measurements and simulations together has been successful to calibrate the CHIME beam's north-south profile to ~ 5%. We are still working on improving this approach for higher accuracy and larger coverage. As a pathfinder to mapping the whole northern hemisphere for better understanding and removal of the CHIME foreground and for galactic science, the north celestial cap has been mapped across the [400, 800] MHz in the declination range [75, 87.25] degree using the John A. Galt telescope and the CHIME receiver with gated noise source. The intensity map at 408 MHz is found to be consistent with the Haslam map except with fluctuations up to 3 Kelvins. The spectrum of the north celestial cap is measured across the [400, 800] MHz. Event Location: Room 191, IBLC (Irving K. Barber Learning Center)
Event Time: Wednesday, February 5, 2020 | 11:00 am - 12:00 pm
Event Location:
Scarfe 201 (DIFFERENT LOCATION)
Add to Calendar 2020-02-05T11:00:00 2020-02-05T12:00:00 Gravitational wave observations with Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo Event Information: I'll be giving an overview of the results from the LIGO-Virgo(-and now KAGRA) collaboration thus far, including what we've learned from this current observing run, O3. Event Location: Scarfe 201 (DIFFERENT LOCATION)
Event Time: Tuesday, February 4, 2020 | 4:00 pm - 5:00 pm
Event Location:
Hennings 309
Add to Calendar 2020-02-04T16:00:00 2020-02-04T17:00:00 A rigorous version of quantization of transported charge in mnay-body systems. Event Information: We propose a many-body index that extends Fredholm index theory to many-body systems. The index is defined for any charge-conserving system with a topologically ordered p-dimensional groundstate sector. The index is fractional with the denominator given by p. In particular, this yields a new short proof of the quantization of the Hall conductance and of Lieb-Schulz-Mattis theorem. In the case that the index is non-integer, the argument provides an explicit construction of Wilson-loop operators exhibiting a non-trivial braiding and that can be used to create fractionally charged Abelian anyons. Event Location: Hennings 309
Event Time: Monday, February 3, 2020 | 3:00 pm - 4:00 pm
Event Location:
Hennings 318
Add to Calendar 2020-02-03T15:00:00 2020-02-03T16:00:00 Studying galaxies and their halos with tidal debris Event Information: Tidal debris structures, composed of stars cast off by disrupting satellite galaxies and globular clusters, are striking evidence of the hierarchical formation of galaxies. They are windows into galactic accretion and provide powerful probes of dark matter halo structure and substructure. Recent advances in low surface brightness imaging and star count studies have revealed a wealth of new examples both around the Milky Way and farther afield. I will present several recent results derived from these observations with a focus on how tidal debris can be interpreted, individually or collectively, as constraints on the properties of their host galaxies. I will also show new forecasts demonstrating that near-future studies of tidal debris in the Milky Way with instruments such as the Rubin Observatory and WFIRST can provide some of the most stringent tests of the cold dark matter model yet. Event Location: Hennings 318
Event Time: Friday, January 31, 2020 | 12:30 pm - 2:30 pm
Event Location:
Room 203, Graduate Student Centre (6371 Crescent Road)
Add to Calendar 2020-01-31T12:30:00 2020-01-31T14:30:00 "Diffusion and Trapping of 8Li in Rutile TiO2 and the Comparison of 8Li and 9Li Spin Relaxation Using Beta-NMR" Event Information: Final PhD Oral Examination Abstract: It is well established that the properties of many materials change as their thickness is shrunk to the nanoscale, often yielding novel features at the near-surface region that are absent in the bulk. Even though there are several techniques that can study either the bulk or the surface of these materials, there are very few that can scan the near-surface region of crystals and thin films versus depth. Beta detected NMR (β-NMR) is capable of this and therefore has been established as a powerful tool for material science. This thesis aims to further develop the capabilities of β-NMR. By comparing the spin-lattice relaxation rates (SLR) of two radioactive Li isotopes (8;9Li) it is shown that it is possible to distinguish whether the source of SLR in a given situation is driven by magnetic or electric interactions. In addition, by coupling the β-decay signal with the subsequent α-decay of 8Li, a technique able to directly study nanometer-scale lithium diffusion was developed. The first part of this thesis demonstrates that by studying a material with both 8;9Li-b-NMR, it is possible to distinguish the source of SLR. This is an important development for β-NMR, since there are instances where it is problematic to distinguish whether the measured relaxation is due to magnetic or electric fluctuations. Using this method, it was found that the SLR in Pt is (almost) purely magnetic in origin, whereas the spin relaxation in SrTiO3 is driven (almost) entirely by electric quadrupolar interactions. The second part of this thesis traces the development of α-radiotracer, that uses the progeny α-particles from the decay of 8Li, in order to directly measure the nanoscale diffusivity of Li+ in Li-ion battery materials. To develop this technique, Monte Carlo simulations of the experimental configuration were carried out, a new apparatus and a new α-detector were designed and used for experiments on rutile TiO2. In rutile, the measurements revealed that Li+ gets trapped at the (001) surface, a result that helps explain the suppressed intercalation of Li+ in bulk rutile. Moreover, the diffusion rate of Li+ in rutile was found to follow a bi-Arrhenius relationship, with a high-T activation energy in agreement with other reported measurements and a low-T component of similar magnitude with the theoretically calculated diffusion barrier as well as the activation energy of the Li-polaron complex found with β-NMR below 100 K. Event Location: Room 203, Graduate Student Centre (6371 Crescent Road)
Event Time: Thursday, January 30, 2020 | 4:00 pm - 5:00 pm
Event Location:
Hennings 201
Add to Calendar 2020-01-30T16:00:00 2020-01-30T17:00:00 Consider the Icicle Event Information: Icicles are harmless and picturesque winter phenomena, familiar to anyone who lives in Canada.  The shape of an icicle emerges from a subtle feedback between ice formation, which is controlled by the release of latent heat, and the flow of water over the evolving shape.  The water flow, in turn, determines how the heat flows.  The air around the icicle is also flowing, and all forms of heat transfer are active in the air.  Ideal icicles are predicted to have a universal "platonic" shape, independent of growing conditions.  In addition, many natural icicles exhibit a ripply shape, which is the result of a morphological instability.  The wavelength of the ripples is also remarkably independent of the growing conditions.  Similar shape and ripple phenomena are also observed on stalactites, although certain details of their formation differ.  We built a laboratory icicle growing machine to explore icicle physics. We learned what it takes to make a platonic icicle and the surprising origin of the ripples. Event Location: Hennings 201
Event Time: Thursday, January 30, 2020 | 2:00 pm - 3:00 pm
Event Location:
Brimacombe 311
Add to Calendar 2020-01-30T14:00:00 2020-01-30T15:00:00 CM Seminar : SwissFEL, status of outlook for the newest X-ray Free Electron Laser at PSI Event Information: The new Swiss X-ray Free Electron Laser (SwissFEL) facility at PSI delivers fsec photon pulses of coherent x-rays in the wavelength range 0.1 to 7 nm, with extremely high peak brightness. The Aramis SwissFEL branch, dedicated for hard X-ray, is in user operation with two end-stations since 2018. The Alvra end-station is focused on using time resolved x-ray spectroscopy (XAS/XES) to investigate femtosecond chemical processes and time-resolved x-ray diffraction for serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) experiments on proteins. The Bernina end-station is designed for femtosecond time-resolved pump-probe hard x-ray diffraction and scattering experiments in condensed matter systems. Athos, the second SwissFEL branch for soft x-ray, has its first FEL light in December 2019 and the user program will start in 2021 with two additional end-stations. Athos design includes a novel layout (CHIC) of alternating magnetic chicanes and short undulator segments. Together with the APPLE X architecture of undulators, the Athos branch can be operated in different modes producing FEL beams with unique characteristics ranging from attosecond pulse length, multi color beam to high-power modes. The Athos Maloja end-station will be dedicated to atomic, molecular, and optical physics (AMO), and the Furka end-station is designed for time resolved resonant inelastic and elastic x-ray scattering on condensed matter and quatum material including non-linear x-ray Science. In the talk the basic and unique principles of the SwissFEL will be presented, experiences from the first commissioning and results of some of the first experiments will be shown. Further, the future plans of SwissFEL will be highlighted. Event Location: Brimacombe 311
Event Time: Wednesday, January 29, 2020 | 3:00 pm - 5:00 pm
Event Location:
Room 3402C, DMCBH (Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health) 2215 Wesbrook Mall
Add to Calendar 2020-01-29T15:00:00 2020-01-29T17:00:00 "Gradient and spin echo magnetic resonance imaging for the characterization of myelin health in multiple sclerosis" Event Information: Departmental Doctoral Oral Examination Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a pathologically complex, autoimmune disease that results in demyelination and neurodegeneration following an inflammatory-mediated event cascade. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been essential to study MS and is now a cornerstone of MS diagnosis and clinical decision making. However, typical clinical MRIs fail to capture the complexity of the disease, because they lack specificity to myelin and other pathological mechanisms influencing myelin health in MS. In this thesis, I probed two quantitative MRI techniques for their potential to study myelin health in MS. First, myelin water imaging was tested for its specificity to myelin lipids, proteins and iron stored in myelin. I explored tissue class specific variations and demonstrated to-date unknown sensitivity of myelin water imaging to the presence of minimal myelin concentrations. In brain tissue samples, I identified MS lesion changes that are linked to late stage remyelination. Following this work, I investigated the accuracy of myelin water imaging and its potential application at ultra-high magnetic fields. Using signal simulations, I first described the dependence of the non-negative least squares signal analysis on processing and tissue parameters. The simulations showed that myelin underestimations due to B1+-inhomogeneities and noise can be minimized by adjusting the T2 range in accordance with the acquisition echo time. To translate myelin water imaging to 7T, I studied the T2 properties in seven healthy subjects in comparison to 3T data. I demonstrated the feasibility of myelin water imaging at 7T and discussed the challenges that need to be addressed to overcome current limitations in measuring short T2 signal at 7T. The susceptibility-sensitive MR data that were explored in the next chapters provide greater sensitivity, albeit possibly less specificity to myelin, than myelin water imaging. Using the phase component of the susceptibility-sensitive data, I disproved that the contrast of MS lesions is driven by iron accumulation. In simulations and with post-mortem data, I demonstrated that the combined degree of iron and myelin loss determines the lesions’ MRI appearance. Following this histopathological validation, I studied new, acute lesions in eleven MS patients over five years in order to discern the pathological underpinnings of the signal changes and the techniques potential as a marker of tissue damage and repair. Current models and their shortcomings are discussed. Finally, I discussed two technical developments to enhance current MS imaging methods. First a multi-dynamic, high-spatial resolution susceptibility-sensitive imaging approach is described for visualizing the central vein sign. Using phantom and in vivo data, I demonstrated the qualitative and quantitative agreement of the proposed approach with other imaging strategies. Secondly, FLAIR2 is introduced, a novel image contrast that was developed to provide improved contrast-to-noise, while shortening overall scan time. The potential of FLAIR2 to aid automated lesion segmentation was subsequently demonstrated on real-world multi-center clinical data. Event Location: Room 3402C, DMCBH (Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health) 2215 Wesbrook Mall
Event Time: Tuesday, January 28, 2020 | 11:00 am - 12:00 pm
Event Location:
Room 318, Hennings Bldg
Add to Calendar 2020-01-28T11:00:00 2020-01-28T12:00:00 "Searching the Entirety of Kepler Data: New Exoplanets and Occurrence Rate Estimates" Event Information: Departmental Doctoral Oral Examination Abstract: First, I present the results of an independent search of all ~200,000 stars observed over the four-year Kepler mission for multi-planet systems, using a three-transit minimum detection criteria to search orbital periods up to hundreds of days. My search returned 17 new planet candidates, in addition to thousands of known Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs), with a 98.8% recovery rate of already confirmed planets. I highlight the discovery of one candidate, KIC-7340288 b, that is both rocky (radius <1.6 R_Earth) and in the Habitable Zone (insolation between 0.25 and 2.5 times the Earth's insolation). Another candidate is an addition to the already known KOI-4509 system. I also present adaptive optics imaging follow up for 6 of my new planet candidates, 2 of which reveal a line-of-sight stellar companion within 4".   Using my independent Kepler planet catalogue, I then present exoplanet occurrence rates estimated with approximate Bayesian computing for planets with radii between 0.5 - 16 R_Earth and orbital periods between 0.78 - 400 days days, orbiting FGK dwarf stars. I characterize the efficiency of planet recovery by both my search and vetting pipelines using injection/recovery tests, and account for both planet radius uncertainty and the estimated false positive rate due to transit-like noise signals in the data. Marginalizing over the entire period-radius space, I find ~1 planet per FGK star. By analyzing my FGK occurrence rates as well as those computed after separating F, G, and K type stars, I explore dependencies on stellar effective temperature, planet radius, and orbital period. Finally, I provide several estimates of the ``eta-Earth'' value --- the frequency of potentially habitable, rocky planets orbiting Sun-like stars. For planets with sizes 0.75 - 1.5 R_Earth orbiting in a conservatively defined Habitable Zone (0.99 - 1.70 AU) around G type stars, my reliability-incorporated calculations place an upper limit (84.1th percentile) of < 0.18 planets per star. Event Location: Room 318, Hennings Bldg