Building Rocky Planets

Event Date:
2025-01-13T16:00:00
2025-01-13T17:00:00
Event Location:
HEBB 116
Speaker:
Dr. Lindy Elkins-Tanton, Arizona State University
Related Upcoming Events:
Astronomy Colloquia
Intended Audience:
Everyone
Local Contact:

Allison Man (aman@phas.ubc.ca) and Brett Gladman (gladman@astro.ubc.ca)

All are welcome to this event!

Event Information:

Abstract:

Early in our solar system’s evolution, thousands of rocky planetesimals, little planets the size of cities or continents, formed in just a few million years. Heat from the decay of a short-lived radioactive element caused melting in many planetesimals. Dense iron-nickel metal sank and formed cores in the planetesimals, surrounded by less-dense silicate mantles, the same structure that Earth and the other rocky planets have. Over the next few tens of millions of years many planetesimals crossed paths catastrophically. Colliding worlds merged and eventually formed complete rocky planets. Rocky planets are expected to have melted significantly or perhaps completely, and likely more than once each, because of the heat of these impacts. The resulting magma oceans are a clean starting point for forward modeling of planetary evolution, using the decades of lab- and field-based information on how silicate magmas solidify. How much, then, are variations in the evolution of planets due to differences in their planetesimal building blocks prior to magma ocean formation? What makes, in the end, a habitable planet? The spectrum of possible planetesimal structures and compositions motivated our successful proposal for the NASA Psyche mission, to visit the metallic asteroid (16) Psyche. I’ll present what is known and hypothesized about building rocky planets, and also about how space missions are helping to answer questions.

Bio:

Lindy Elkins-Tanton is a Foundation and Regents Professor in the School of Earth and Space Exploration. She is also the vice president of the ASU Interplanetary Initiative, and  the Principal Investigator (PI) of the Psyche mission, selected in 2017 as the 14th in NASA’s Discovery program.

Her research includes theory, observation, and experiments concerning terrestrial planetary formation, magma oceans, and subsequent planetary evolution including magmatism and interactions between rocky planets and their atmospheres. She also promotes and participates in education initiatives, in particular, inquiry and exploration teaching methodologies, and leadership and team-building for scientists and engineers.

She has led four field expeditions in Siberia, as well as participated in fieldwork in the Sierra Nevada, the Cascades, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands.

Professor Elkins-Tanton received her bachelor's and master's degrees from MIT in 1987, and then spent eight years working in business, with five years spent writing business plans for young high-tech ventures. She then returned to MIT for a doctorate. She spent five years as a researcher at Brown University, followed by five years on MIT faculty, before accepting the directorship of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution for Science. In 2014, she moved to the directorship at Arizona State University.

She serves on the Standing Review Board for the Europa mission, and served on the Mars panel of the Planetary Decadal Survey and on the Mars 2020 Rover Science Definition Team.

Professor Elkins-Tanton is a two-time National Academy of Sciences Kavli Frontiers of Science Fellow and served on the National Academy of Sciences Decadal Survey Mars panel. In 2008 she was awarded a five-year National Science Foundation CAREER award, and in 2009 was named Outstanding MIT Faculty Undergraduate Research Mentor. In 2010 she was awarded the Explorers Club Lowell Thomas prize. The second edition of her six-book series "The Solar System," a reference series for libraries, was published in 2010; the book "Earth," co-authored with Jeffrey Cohen, was published in 2017; and Harper Collins published her memoir, "A Portrait of the Scientist as a Young Woman" in 2022. Asteroid (8252) Elkins-Tanton and the mineral elkinstantonite were named for her.

In 2013 she was named the Astor Fellow at Oxford University, in 2016 she was named a fellow of the American Geophysical Union, and in 2018 a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2020 the National Academy of Sciences awarded her the Arthur L. Day Prize and Lectureship, and in 2021 she was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.

Learn more:

Add to Calendar 2025-01-13T16:00:00 2025-01-13T17:00:00 Building Rocky Planets Event Information: Abstract: Early in our solar system’s evolution, thousands of rocky planetesimals, little planets the size of cities or continents, formed in just a few million years. Heat from the decay of a short-lived radioactive element caused melting in many planetesimals. Dense iron-nickel metal sank and formed cores in the planetesimals, surrounded by less-dense silicate mantles, the same structure that Earth and the other rocky planets have. Over the next few tens of millions of years many planetesimals crossed paths catastrophically. Colliding worlds merged and eventually formed complete rocky planets. Rocky planets are expected to have melted significantly or perhaps completely, and likely more than once each, because of the heat of these impacts. The resulting magma oceans are a clean starting point for forward modeling of planetary evolution, using the decades of lab- and field-based information on how silicate magmas solidify. How much, then, are variations in the evolution of planets due to differences in their planetesimal building blocks prior to magma ocean formation? What makes, in the end, a habitable planet? The spectrum of possible planetesimal structures and compositions motivated our successful proposal for the NASA Psyche mission, to visit the metallic asteroid (16) Psyche. I’ll present what is known and hypothesized about building rocky planets, and also about how space missions are helping to answer questions. Bio: Lindy Elkins-Tanton is a Foundation and Regents Professor in the School of Earth and Space Exploration. She is also the vice president of the ASU Interplanetary Initiative, and  the Principal Investigator (PI) of the Psyche mission, selected in 2017 as the 14th in NASA’s Discovery program. Her research includes theory, observation, and experiments concerning terrestrial planetary formation, magma oceans, and subsequent planetary evolution including magmatism and interactions between rocky planets and their atmospheres. She also promotes and participates in education initiatives, in particular, inquiry and exploration teaching methodologies, and leadership and team-building for scientists and engineers. She has led four field expeditions in Siberia, as well as participated in fieldwork in the Sierra Nevada, the Cascades, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands. Professor Elkins-Tanton received her bachelor's and master's degrees from MIT in 1987, and then spent eight years working in business, with five years spent writing business plans for young high-tech ventures. She then returned to MIT for a doctorate. She spent five years as a researcher at Brown University, followed by five years on MIT faculty, before accepting the directorship of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution for Science. In 2014, she moved to the directorship at Arizona State University. She serves on the Standing Review Board for the Europa mission, and served on the Mars panel of the Planetary Decadal Survey and on the Mars 2020 Rover Science Definition Team. Professor Elkins-Tanton is a two-time National Academy of Sciences Kavli Frontiers of Science Fellow and served on the National Academy of Sciences Decadal Survey Mars panel. In 2008 she was awarded a five-year National Science Foundation CAREER award, and in 2009 was named Outstanding MIT Faculty Undergraduate Research Mentor. In 2010 she was awarded the Explorers Club Lowell Thomas prize. The second edition of her six-book series "The Solar System," a reference series for libraries, was published in 2010; the book "Earth," co-authored with Jeffrey Cohen, was published in 2017; and Harper Collins published her memoir, "A Portrait of the Scientist as a Young Woman" in 2022. Asteroid (8252) Elkins-Tanton and the mineral elkinstantonite were named for her. In 2013 she was named the Astor Fellow at Oxford University, in 2016 she was named a fellow of the American Geophysical Union, and in 2018 a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2020 the National Academy of Sciences awarded her the Arthur L. Day Prize and Lectureship, and in 2021 she was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. Learn more: View her profile: https://search.asu.edu/profile/2437950  Check out her book! https://www.amazon.com/Asteroids-Meteorites-Comets-Solar-System/dp/081605195X  Watch her video: "Building a positive human space future" - Linda Elkins-Tanton interviewed by IAC TV: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rQdMbWbO_oA  Event Location: HEBB 116