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Physics 533: Lasers (2008)

Syllabus


Syllabus Legend
Topics of recommended emphasis are listed
Reading: assigned sections from Milonni+Eberly are indicated while the sections in parenthesis are recommended. The written notes must include the material in the assigned sections but not necessarily the recommended sections. SX.Y, StX.Y, VX.Y and LevX.Y indicates a section in Siegman, Steck, Verdeyen and Levenson respectively.

For supplemental reading sections go here
The discussion questions are posted here

Discussion Leader assignments
1. Richard Wong
2. Hadi Ebrahimnejad
3. Eric Vyskocil
4. Rob Stead
5. Steven Gou
6. Ray Gao
7. Ryan Lewis


Monday, Jan. 7: meeting #1 - [0]
Course Overview: textbooks, course organization, syllabus.

Classical Picture of Atom-Field Interaction

Thursday, Jan. 10: meeting #2 - [0]
Introduction and classical picture of atom-field interaction: classical dipole in a periodic field, Lorenz model, polarizability, index of refraction
Reading: 1.all, 2.1-2.3 (2.4, S1.all and S2.1)
meeting notes: 1

Homework #1 Assigned: Problems 2.10, 2.12, 3.4, and 3.10

Tuesday, Jan. 15: meeting #3 - [1,2]
Elastic scattering: induced dipole radiation, elastic (Rayleigh) scattering, scattering cross-section
Inelastic processes: damped oscillator model, complex polarizability, complex refractive index
Reading: 2.5, 2.6 (2.7-2.10), 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 (for e+m review St4.all)
meeting notes: 2

Thursday, Jan. 17: meeting #4 - [2,3]
Classical theory of absorption: absorption coefficient and cross-section, absorption line shape and line width, oscillator strength
Physical mechanisms of line broadening: examples of homogeneous (collisional) and inhomogeneous (Doppler) line broadening
Reading: 3.5-3.12 (3.13, S3.1)
meeting notes: 3
example problem: 3

Semiclassical Atom-Field Interaction: Quantum Mechanical Atoms in Classical Fields


Tuesday, Jan. 22: meeting #5 - [3,4]
The time independent and time-dependent SE: energy level structure, interaction Hamiltonian, vector form of SE, matrix elements of the dipole moment operator
Reading: 5.all (review), 6.1, 6.2
meeting notes: 4

Thursday, Jan. 24: meeting #6 - Homework #1 Presentation - [4,5,6,7]

Tuesday, Jan. 29: meeting #7 - [4,0] - Homework #1 due
Quantum mechanical atom in a periodic field: two-level system, equations of motion for state amplitudes, rotating wave approximation, Rabi oscillations, connections with the Lorentz model
Reading:6.3, 6.4, 6.A, Lev:2.1-2.2, V14.1-14.4 (S5.all)
meeting notes: 5

Homework #2 Assigned: Problems 6.9, 6.11, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4

Thursday, Jan. 31: meeting #8 - [0,5]
Relaxation in quantum picture: density matrix, equations of motion for density matrix (the Master equation), decay of populations and decay of coherence, Rabi oscillations in the presence of relaxation, the Optical Bloch Equations
Reading: 6.5, 8.1, 8.2, and Lev:2.1-2.4, V14.5-14.8
meeting notes: 6
example problem: 6

Tuesday, Feb. 5: meeting #9 - [5,6]
Rate equations: cross section for absorption and stimulated emission, Einstein A and B coefficients, weak and strong excitation limits, saturation, thermal equilibrium radiation, relations between the A and B coefficients
Reading: 7.all (S4.5)
meeting notes: 7
example problem: 7

Semiclassical Laser Theory

Friday, Feb. 8: - 9.30-11.00 - meeting #10 - [6,7] - *** Rescheduled time ***
Maxwell-Bloch equations, light amplification, quantum-classical corespondence, slowly varying envelope approximation
Semiclassical laser theory: lasing, coupled equations for photons and atoms in the cavity, threshold conditions
Reading: 8.1-8.5
meeting notes: 8
example problem: 8.1 from the book

Tuesday, Feb. 12: meeting #11 - Homework #2 Presentation - [4(6.9,6.11), 2(8.2), 3(8.3), 1(8.4)]

homework #1 slns


Thursday, Feb. 14: No class - Homework #2 due
homework #2 slns
Homework #3 Assigned: Problems 10.3, 10.7, 10.9, 11.2, 11.5

Tuesday, Feb. 19 - No class: spring break

Thursday, Feb. 21 - No class: spring break

Tuesday, Feb. 26: meeting #12 - [7,1]
Laser oscillation: gain, threshold, three-level laser, four-level laser, required pumping rate, gain satutation, power broadening
Reading: 10.all (S6.all)
meeting notes: lec12
example problem: lec12

Thursday, Feb. 28: meeting #13 - [1,2]
Laser power: output intensity, small and large coupling limits, optimal output coupling, power conversion efficiency, spatial hole burning
Laser frequency: inhomogeneous broadening, spectral hole burning, frequency pulling, cavity bandwidth and quality factor
Reading: 11.1-11.11
meeting notes: lec13
example problem: lec13

Gaussian Beams and Optical resonators

Tuesday, Mar. 4: meeting #14 - [2,3]
Single mode operation, Fabry Perot etalon
Paraxial wave eqn, Gaussian beam solution, Transmission through optical components, ABCD matrix formalism, High order modes
Optical Resonators: Spherical mirror resonators, spatial mode stability
Reading: (V6) 11.12, 11.A, (14.1-14.3) 14.4-14.9
(additional resources: resonators S19, misalignment effects in resonators S19.4, paraxial optics S20, generalized paraxial resonator theory S21)
meeting notes: lec14
example problem: lec14

Thursday, Mar. 6: meeting #15 - Homework #3 Presentation - [5(10.3, 10.7), 6(10.9), 7(11.2), 1(11.5)]

Homework #4 Assigned: Homework #4, plus this Coherent Verdi V10 datasheet

Time Domain Dynamics of Laser Oscillation

Tuesday, Mar. 11: meeting #16 - [3,4] - Homework #3 due
Population and intensity rate equations, relaxation oscillations, Q-switching, gain switching, and cavity dumping in lasers
Reading: 12.1-12.5 and V9.3-9.4 (supplementary/optional reading: Chapter 4)
meeting notes: lec16
example problem: lec16
A calculation of when a laser's relaxation oscillation behavior is critically damped.
homework #3 slns

Thursday, Mar. 13: meeting #17 - [4,5]
Multimode laser oscillations, phase locked modes, active mode-locking
Reading: 12.6-12.10 and V9.5 (Chapter 5)
meeting notes: lec17
supplemental figures: lec17
example problem: lec17
example problem solution: lec17

Tuesday, Mar. 18: meeting #18 - [5,6]
More on active and passive mode-locking
Reading: 5.1-5.4 from this chapter, and 12.11 and V9.6-9.8. The additional reading material (local copy here) is from an MIT course (6.977) in Ultrafast Optics.
meeting notes: lec18 A
meeting notes: lec18 B
example problem: lec18
Evolution of a free particle - envelope propagation with dispersion applet- wave mechanics link.
local copy of supplemental materials: MIT-6-977, chapter2 and chapter5

Thursday, Mar. 20: meeting #19 - Homework #4 Presentation - [2(#1),3(#2),4(#3),5(#4),6(#5)]

Homework #5 Assigned: Homework #5

Tuesday, Mar. 25: meeting #20 - [6,7] - Homework #4 due
Laser Injection locking
Reading: S:29.1-29.5 (Siegman)
Supplemental reading A study of locking phenomena in oscillators (author R. Adler)
The 336-year-old synchronization observations of Christiaan Huygens are reexam- ined in modern experiments: Huygens' Clocks
meeting notes: lec20
example problem: lec20
homework #4 slns

Non-linear optical effects

Thursday, Mar. 27: meeting #21 - [7,1]
Introduction to non-linear optics and second harmonic generation
Reading: 17.1-17.7
meeting notes: lec21
example problem: lec21

Tuesday, Apr. 1: meeting #22 - [1,2]
Three-wave mixing, parametric amplification, optical parametric oscillators (OPOs)
Reading: 17.8-17.11
meeting notes: lec22
example problem: lec22

Thursday, Apr. 3: meeting #23 - [2,3]
Nonlinear susceptibilities, four-wave mixing, 3rd harmonic generation
Reading: 17.12-18.3
meeting notes: lec23
example problem: lec23

Tuesday, Apr. 8: meeting #24 - [3,4]
Non-linear spectroscopy: Multi-photon absorption and emission, Raman Scattering, Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, Simulated Brillouin scattering
Reading: 18.4-18.9
meeting notes: lec24
example problem: lec24

Thursday, Apr. 10: meeting #25 - Homework #5 Presentation - [7,1,2,3]

Friday, Apr. 11: last day of classes

Monday, Apr. 14: no class - Homework #5 due

Tuesday, Apr. 15: exams start

Final presentations

Friday, Apr. 25: - Final presentations

Monday, Apr. 28: - Final papers due